The Efficacy of a Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral Graft for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Histologic Study in Humans

Abstract

Background: Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) following tooth extraction plays a vital role in maintaining ridge dimensions and supporting subsequent implant therapy. Objectives: This study histologically and radiographically evaluates the efficacy of techBiomat bone(®)-a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM)-for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), comparing the results of bone formation, residual graft particles, and nonmineralized tissue to those of spontaneous healing in human tooth sockets. Methods: A split-mouth study was conducted to evaluate the radiographic and histologic outcomes in human sockets with and without ARP. Results: A significant improvement in bone fill was observed compared to untreated sockets. Radiographically, 87% of the treated sockets demonstrated more than 75% bone fill, whereas only 7% of the untreated sockets did. Histologically, the percentage of new bone formation was greater in treated sockets (42%) than in untreated sockets (25%). The findings also highlighted a lower proportion of nonmineralized tissue in grafted sites, suggesting improved healing over spontaneous healing. The residual graft material in the treated sockets had a moderate resorption rate, with almost complete replacement by the host bone after six months. The use of techBiomat bone(®) demonstrated promising results, with a resorption rate conducive to optimal bone regeneration, with less than 9% residual graft material remaining after six months. Conclusions: This study supports the efficacy of techBiomat bone(®) graft material for ARP, highlighting its potential in maintaining ridge volume. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.