Oral Manifestations in Patients in Treatment with Antidepressants: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The rising use of antidepressants is linked to oral health risks, including xerostomia, caries, and periodontal disease. Recognizing these risks is essential for improving patient care. To systematically review oral manifestations in patients undergoing antidepressant treatment. Methods: This review follows the PRISMA guidelines and includes observational studies published in the last 21 years. A PICO-based question was developed to select relevant studies, which were assessed for quality using a modified STROBE checklist. Results: A total of 11 studies were analyzed, revealing a consistent association between antidepressant use and the increased risk of xerostomia, caries, and periodontal disease. Additional findings included taste dysfunction and oral bleeding complications. Among the antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were most commonly associated with xerostomia and caries. However, no significant impact was observed on the chemical composition of saliva or on hemostasis in invasive dental procedures. Conclusions: Antidepressant use may lead to significant oral health issues, notably xerostomia and caries. Further studies are recommended to clarify the influence of specific antidepressants and confounding factors, such as treatment duration, dosage, and hygiene habits, on oral health outcomes.