Abordaje de la obesidad infantil. Comparativa entre comunidades autónomas

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Childhood obesity represents a serious public health problem and given its multifactorial nature and its consequences; it is necessary to carry out an effective approach. The Spanish system of autonomies, with delegated powers, could accentuate inequality in its approach. The objective of the study was to know the existence or not of these inequalities. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between the months of February-April 2022, in which the approach to childhood obesity was compared among the seventeen communities and two autonomous cities, through the analysis of the following indicators: pediatric staff, pediatric nursing, nutrition personnel and their legal recognition, the existence of comprehensive plans and health expenditure on childhood obesity. The search for information has been carried out through a bibliographic review and a request for access to public information to the corresponding regional councils. It were performed ratios of paediatricians and nurses per 1,000 inhabitants and health expenditure per inhabitant were calculated. RESULTS: It was observed that in Spain paediatricians have a ratio according to international recommendations (1.21), but not general and paediatric nursing (with a ratio of 0.65, which is equivalent to approximately 1,544 inhabitants for each nurse), and nutrition professionals. Among autonomies there were large variations for the three categories. Comprehensive plans were outdated or absent altogether, as well as the periodic analysis of obesity expenditure. CONCLUSIONS: The approach to childhood obesity seems to vary considerably among autonomies according to the analysed indicators. Thus, it would be advisable to lead all efforts to homogenize it, to improve care quality and prevention and treatment choices in all national regions.